Yes, that can definitely be approximated with enough data points. Taking a defensive midfielders average number of attempted tackles in the last 10 minutes when defending a one-goal lead, and the divergence between that number and his usual average, and then again the divergence between that number and the average across the league, would be one example off the top of my head. Take about a hundred of these (you can literally never have too many) and you can start to build a fairly good picture. Use that in conjunction with traditional scouting and research and it's very useful.
Im not a statistician by the way so that may be a terrible example but that's the general gist
Essentially the point is that if you take enough data points you can get insight into just about anything (the key being good data, and having loads of it).