Yes it can take a very long time to recover. While economic growth can reliably expected to expand by 2-3%/year, the problem is that valuations can also vary wildly. If you buy the market when its trading at 40 times earnings and the market adjusts back to 10 times earnings you will need a LOT of economic growth over a long number of years to finally earn a real return on your investment.
Examples:
33 years later the Japanese stock market is still -40% from its 1989 all time high when investors were paying an absurd 65 times earnings.
22 years after its dotcom peak the FTSE is only 10% high than its 2000 all time high when investors were paying an eyewatering 32 times earnings - still well down in real terms.
Even when you add back in the dividend for total returns it's not very impressive.
An investment is very simply the value of all future expected cashflows discounted to the present. If you can't make that calculation about anything you are buying then it's not an investment, it's a speculation.