But the same incident there are pictures showing his hand above the head. But does the ball need to strike the part of his arm/hand above the shoulder or is the hand above the head in itself enough of an 'unnatural position' whatever that means?
I think you're going in a bit much on Gallagher there. He's trying to explain why we're seeing these ridiculous looking decisions. It's not about him defending a refs decision at all costs but he's illustrating that the ridiculous degree of micro-management within the wording of the laws now means a case can be made for a decision to go either way and both be correct, or more accurately not necessarily wrong,
within the wording of the laws.
For me refs are being put into an impossible situation by those in charge of the rules.