To be fair I think must clubs adhere to a standard accounting practise . That’s not the problem when you get to FFP &P&S
Things like amortised sums within the accounts , depreciation are standard in that any fee is amortised ( written off over the term of the contract)
Things get complicated when clubs have to make adjustments in line with what Is or isn’t allowed.For instance in an attempt to stop clubs finding a work around by sending clubs out on loan or indeed taking a player on loan any sum due to be amortised in respect of that player moves from the owning club to the players temporary home.
Related party and fair value are supposedly are based on the market. Those judgements are incredibly subjective and when innovative deals such as the USM naming deal crop up there isn’t a historical market to even start to quantify even a notional value.
Within the PL and indeed the FA rules there simply isn’t a route to CAS. My understanding is that is because of the supposed independence of any regulatory proceedings supplemented by a route to arbitration. CAS can only become involved when the governing body has agreed such an option. My guess would be that if then FA and PL agreed then CAS could be involved
Of course from an accounting sense with GAAP your profit and loss will be reasonably uniform across the board i do wonder in terms of addbacks for the FFP purposes like you said the creative or daring of clubs will differ greatly. I bring up Chelsea re: Amortisation as they sign players to 10 year contracts to dilute the effects of the fee
There is a huge argument of the treatment of acquisition of players as to whether they are treated on revenue account or as assets. I'd argue the contract and wages should replace the amortisation cost (as the player or the asset is just as likely to appreciate in value than decline) where the purchase and sale of players should be on revenue account with current players being effectively stock on hand. I think amortising the purchase fee in this case is incorrect. so basically like a cost of goods sold it would be;
Profit on player movement (POPM):
Player Sales
less GOPS (Cost of players sold) calculated by the sum of
Opening Stock (Value of players)
add Player purchases
less Closing Stock (value of players)
So if GNFC Sell players for 100000 coins, and the value of the on players on GNFCs books is 40000 coins, and we buy Messi for 500 coins, and the value of our squad at the end of the period is 25000 coins it would like
It would be
Sales 100000- GOPS
GOPS = 40000 + 500 - 25000 = 15500
POPM= Sales 100000- GOPS 15550
POPM= 84,500
Obviously, the valuation of stock (players) is an issue but potentially some form of league valuer could arrive at an independent value for this purpose. The valuer could also assess whether related party transactions are at arms length or not.